UN International Peace & Security

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Comprehensive Review of Special Political Missions and the Future of UN Peacekeeping and Peace Operations

Peacekeeping has been the most important instrument to maintaining international peace and security since the establishment of the United Nations (UN) at the end of the World War II. Over the last 70 years, the nature, mandates, and operations of peacekeeping missions have evolved to meet the emerging challenges of both humanitarian and conflict situations, and the continual review of peacekeeping within the UN system remains a priority within the international system. Most critically, as peacekeepers are tasked with increasingly dangerous and often deteriorating conflict environments, more robust support is needed by the organization and by Member States to ensure that peacekeeping operations (PKOs) can deliver effectively on their missions. Since 1948, UNTSO has continued its mission of monitoring ceasefires and supervising armistice agreements while also assisting other PKOs in the region in achieving their mandates. Special political missions (SPMs) and PKOs represent the two key mechanisms by which the UN maintains international peace and security.
The UN defines SPMs as “civilian missions that are deployed for a limited duration to support Member States in good offices, conflict prevention, peacemaking and peacebuilding.” SPMs are grouped into three main categories: sanction monitoring groups, special envoys, and field-based missions.
PKOs are defined by the UN as impartial overseeing operations deployed into conflict-affected areas to provide security, while assisting with the transition from conflict to peace.
There are currently 16 PKOs and 11 SPMs active around the world. SPMs and PKOs are part of a spectrum of overall UN peace operations implemented at different stages of conflict.
Peacekeeping
Today's multidimensional peacekeeping operations are called upon not only to maintain peace and security, but also to facilitate political processes, protect civilians, assist in the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of former combatants; support constitutional processes and the organization of elections, protect and promote human rights and assist in restoring the rule of law and extending legitimate state authority. Peacekeeping operations get their mandates from the UN Security Council; their troops and police are contributed by Members States; and they are managed by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and supported by the Department of Field Support at the UN Headquarters in New York. There are 16 UN peacekeeping operations currently deployed and there have been a total of 69 deployed since 1948.

Countering Terrorism

The United Nations is being increasingly called upon to coordinate the global fight against terrorism. Eighteen universal instruments against international terrorism have been elaborated within the framework of the United Nations system relating to specific terrorist activities.  In September 2006, UN Member States adopted the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. This was the first time that Member States agreed to a common strategic and operational framework against terrorism.

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